Geophone

:: SENSOR :: Geophone
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Geophone Research
A typical geophone, such as the OYO Geospace GS-11D used in many of our group's ... However, a geophone is typically only used for high frequency (4Hz-400Hz) ...
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Geophone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the percussion instrument, see geophone (percussion instrument) ... Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophone" ...
en.wikipedia.org

:: SENSOR :: Geophone
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Geophone (percussion instrument) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the electronic seismic recorder, see Geophone. The geophone is a percussion instrument, invented by the French composer Olivier ...
en.wikipedia.org

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A geophone is a device which converts ground movement (displacement) into voltage, which may be recorded at a recording station. The deviation of this measured voltage from the base line is called the seismic response and is analysed for structure of the earth.

Geophones have historically been passive analog circuit devices and typically comprise a spring-mounted magnetic mass moving within a wire coil to generate an electrical signal. Recent designs have been based on MEMS technology which generates an electrical response to ground motion through an active feedback circuit to maintain the position of a small piece of silicon.

Although waves passing through the earth have a three-dimensional nature, geophones are normally constrained to respond to single dimension - usually the vertical. However, some applications require the full wave to be used and three-component or 3-C geophones are used. In analog devices, three moving coil elements are mounted in an orthogonal arrangement within a single case.

The majority of geophones are used in reflection seismology to record the energy waves reflected by the subsurface geology. In this case the primary interest is in the vertical motion of the earth's surface. However, not all the waves are upwards travelling. A strong, horizontally transmitted wave known as ground-roll also generates vertical motion that can obliterate the weaker vertical signals. By using large areal arrays tuned to the wavelength of the ground-roll the dominant noise signals can be attenuated and the weaker data signals reinforced.

Analog geophones are very sensitive devices which can respond to very distant tremors. These small signals can be drowned by larger signals from local sources. It is possible though to recover the small signals caused by large but distant events by correlating signals from several geophones deployed in an array. Signals which are registered only at one or few geophones can be attributed to small, local events and thus discarded. It can be assumed that small signals that register uniformly at all geophones in an array can be attributed to a distant and therefore significant event.

Conversely, some applications of geophones are interested only in very local events. A notable example is in the application of Remote Ground Sensors (RGS) incorporated in Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) Systems. In such an application there is an area of interest which when penetrated a system operator is to be informed, perhaps by an alert which could be accompanied by supporting photographic data.

other related devices The geophone fits nicely into the following ontology:

hydrophone (liquid)
loudspeaker/microphone (gas)
ionophone (plasma)

SENSOR :: Geophone
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Geophone (percussion instrument) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The geophone is a percussion instrument, invented by the French composer Olivier Messiaen for use in his piece for piano and orchestra Des canyons aux étoiles... ("From the ...

Geophone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term geophone derives from the Greek word "geo" meaning "earth" and "phone" meaning "sound". A geophone is a device which converts ground movement (displacement) into voltage ...

Geophone -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Geophone: trade name for an acoustic detector that responds to ground vibrations generated by seismic waves. Geophones—also called jugs ...

Geophone Research
Summary Geophones are highly sensitive ground motion transducers that have been used by seismologists and geophysicists for decades. Figure 1 shows both an isometric and cross ...

Geophone
The Pulsar 2000 uses commonsense technology to conduct specific foundation line tracings without the need for grounding or guesswork. ... Geophone Leak Detection System. For best ...

Geophone orientation and coupling in three- component sea-floor data ...
Geophysical Prospecting, 1999, 47, 995- 10 13 Geophone orientation and coupling in three-component sea-floor data: a case study' Xiang-Yang Li* and Jianxin Yuan* Abstract We ...

geophone - Definition at the #1 Online Dictionary
noun. an electronic receiver designed to pick up seismic vibrations transmitted through rock, ice, etc. Etymology: geo-+ -phone

WesternGeco, Geophone Accelerometer
The geophone used in the Q-Land system is the Schlumberger Geophone Accelerometer (GAC) - as used in the Q-Borehole Vertical Seismic Imager tool (VSI) and Q-Seabed.

Resources for Schools
... from the seismic source circuit, this was not clear enough to pick accurately the instant when the source was generated, and contaminated the signal from the geophone.